Moses
Exodus 9:8KJV·traditional attribution

And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.

John Calvin Reformed

God no longer warns Pharaoh but executes judgment directly, for admonitions have proved utterly useless and his wickedness must be reproved from every angle. The ashes themselves carry symbolic weight: a rite the Egyptians held sacred for purification is now turned to pollution and judgment.

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Matthew Henry Presbyterian

When cattle die and men do not repent, God strikes their own bodies instead. The ashes from the furnace that enslaved Israel now terrorize the Egyptians with searing boils; they read their sin written in their punishment. Sores are calls to repentance, and if lighter judgments fail, heavier ones will follow.

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Commenting on Exodus 9:8-12

John Gill Reformed Baptist

These ashes came from furnaces, perhaps those very brick-kilns where Israel suffered under Egyptian cruelty, a fitting retaliation for their oppression. Moses casts them skyward before Pharaoh's own eyes so he sees the judgment descends from the God of heaven, not from earthly power.

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