That is why it depends on faith, in order that the promise may rest on grace and be guaranteed to all his offspring—not only to the adherent of the law but also to the one who shares the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all,
16. It is therefore of faith, etc. This is the winding up of the argument; and you may summarily include the whole of it in this statement, — “If the heirship of salvation comes to us by works, then faith in it vanishes, the promise of it is abolished; but it is necessary that both these should be sure and certain; hence it comes to...
Abraham received justification by faith fourteen or twenty-five years before circumcision, silencing the fears of the uncircumcised Gentiles and humbling the pride of the Jews who boasted in their circumcision as if it held a monopoly on blessing. Circumcision came only afterward as a seal and confirmation of righteousness already imputed.
AI summary
Commenting on Romans 4:9-16
As it is written I have made thee a father of many nations,.... The passage referred to, is in Gen 17:4; which proves him to be a father not of the Jews only, since they cannot be called "many nations", but of the Gentiles also; and which must be understood in a spiritual sense, for Abraham was the father of them, before him whom he...