The Apostle Paul
Philippians 4:23ESV·traditional attribution

The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

Matthew Henry Presbyterian

God is our Father, not a tyrant or enemy, and we must ascribe to Him the glory of His excellence and mercy, constant and perpetual, forever and ever. Paul's affection for all good Christians moved him to greet not just the leaders but every single saint, and to rejoice that even in Caesar's own household the gospel had borne fruit.

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Commenting on Philippians 4:20-23

John Gill Reformed Baptist

This closing benediction of grace is Paul's own handwritten token in every epistle, marking it as genuinely his. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, purchased by His merit and applied by His intercession, is what seals and authenticates all his letters.

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Albert Barnes Presbyterian

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ closes this letter with the customary apostolic blessing. Though subscription details vary across manuscripts, the epistle bears clear internal marks of being written from Rome and sent by Epaphroditus, bearing witness to Paul's imprisonment for the faith.

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